With time, this can make the volcano higher and wider. Every time a volcano erupts, it changes in shape and size because the lava it releases cools and hardens around it. Volcanoes are created whenever there is a break in the Earth’s crust that opens a pathway for magma and gas to escape. Molten rock is called magma when it is stored in a chamber beneath a volcano, but it is referred to as lava when it reaches the surface. Igneous rocks form when molten rock cools and hardens into solid rock. The types of rocks that volcanologists spend their time studying are called igneous rocks. The rocks surrounding volcanoes give us important data to calculate the volcano’s age and to help us answer questions about how the Earth was formed, including when volcanoes erupted and how explosive the eruptions were. By figuring out the conditions that created volcanic rocks, volcanologists can learn about the history of a volcano and possibly predict whether a volcano will erupt again-and what will happen to the landscape and the people living nearby if it does. Volcanologists also study the rocks that volcanoes make, looking for clues to help them figure out how and when the volcanoes were formed. While geologists are scientists who study all kinds of rock, volcanologists are geologists who focus on past and present volcanoes, lava, and magma. We also discuss ways that volcanologists can determine how ancient volcanoes were made, by studying the rocks produced during past eruptions. In this article, we explain the processes that make volcanic rocks and formations look different from each other. Volcanic rocks are unique because we can study them to accurately discover when and how they were formed. These rocks vary based on the characteristics of the volcano from which they came. Volcanologists-scientists that study volcanoes-can study the types of rocks that volcanoes produce, to gain a better understanding of volcanoes. Yet, we do not know everything about the histories of the volcanoes that previously existed on Earth. These eruptions play a big part in the formation and destruction of rocks as well as in shaping the Earth’s surface.
Every time a volcanic eruption occurs, new rock is added to the surrounding area. Volcanoes are constantly growing and changing.
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